Wednesday, April 24, 2013

Governments' Favorite Cyberweapons Don't Look Anything Like Stuxnet

The term ?cyberwarfare? conjures images of hackers developing nasty scripts and viruses to be used by state militaries as an instrument of foreign policy. Stuxnet, the malware that disabled thousands of Iranian nuclear centrifuges, was all but confirmed as the product of U.S. and Israeli information warriors. But these kinds of sophisticated weapons are hard to cover up, harder to build and still harder to keep from getting out of control. Sexy as they are, tools like Stuxnet only make sense some of the time.

The rest of the time, according to an annual study of data breaches released today, state-affiliated attacks draw inspiration from a more common, though no less effective, source: the criminal world. The weapon of choice for most governments? Phishing, or the sending of fake emails that try to get targets to click malware-laden links or attachments.

Ninety-five percent of all data breaches that can be connected to a government IP address involve phishing attacks, per the study, which was conducted by Verizon?s RISK team. The yearly report looks at tens of thousands of reported attacks and examines the subsequent investigations by law enforcement and private cybersecurity firms.

How do we know that governments are deploying phishing attacks? A lot of it is based on circumstantial evidence, Ostertag admitted.

?When we?re able to make a conclusion as to attribution,? he said, ?it?s more through the use of MD5 hashing, and looking for a hard-coded IP address inside a piece of malware that?s affiliated with a known IP.? Known IP addresses often come in via government authorities who?ve been monitoring the addresses themselves. In all, Verizon?s partnered with 18 agencies around the world to gather its data, from the U.S. Secret Service to the Australian Federal Police.

Since the project began nearly a decade ago, Verizon?s data breach investigations report has tallied 2,500 confirmed penetrations that resulted in a loss of data. Over a billion personal records have been compromised. Not all of those were the result of government actions. But state-affiliated hacking attempts last year accounted for almost a fifth of all data breaches. Good thing some companies have started phishing their own employees to practice their defense.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/governments-favorite-cyberweapons-dont-look-anything-stuxnet-060503992--politics.html

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Warm weather helps drive surge in motorcycle deaths

Alan Spearman / The Commercial Appeal file

Driver Jimmy Vinson waits for the scene of a motorcycle accident to be cleared on March 26, 2012, in Memphis, Tenn. No one died in this crash, but more than 5,000 riders were killed nationwide last year, according to preliminary accident data.

By Mark Schone, NBC News

U.S. motorcyclist deaths surged 9 percent last year to more than 5,000 -- near a record high -- in part because warm weather lured more riders out on the road last spring, but also because of a long-term decline in helmet laws, according to a report issued Wednesday by the Governors Highway Safety Association.

"All of the trends with motorcycle deaths are really going in the wrong direction," said GHSA Chairman Kendell Poole, highway safety director for the state of Tennessee. "We are talking about 5,000 tragedies a year with no sign of progress."

The projected rise, based on preliminary accident data, outpaced the national increase in overall traffic fatalities, which rose from 5 percent to 7 percent in 2012, and marked the 14th time in the past 15 years that motorcycle deaths have increased. Over the same period, traffic deaths involving all varieties of vehicles have fallen by 23 percent, according to the GHSA.

"The most notable thing was the warm weather," said Dr. James Hedlund, the author of the report and a former official with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. "Motorcyclists in a number of Northern states were out on the road a lot earlier." Thirty-four states east of the Rocky Mountains notched record average temperatures from March to May 2012.

Read the GHSA report: Motorcyclist Traffic?Fatalities by State

The report also cited two economic factors that may have contributed to an increase in the number of miles traveled via motorcycle in 2012 and a higher probability of accidents: a better economy and high gas prices.

"An improving economy and produces more discretionary income with which to buy and ride motorcycles," said the study. Several states reported an increase in the number of registrations in 2012, likely because of improved economic conditions. Hedlund has found that over the past three decades, the number of registrations tracks closely with the number of deaths.

The improving economy may also have contributed to the increase in overall motorist fatalities in 2012, since more disposable income means more miles driven in all types of vehicles. With gas prices still high, however, the report suggested that motorcycle riders may have decided "to use their fuel-efficient motorcycles rather than automobiles for commuting and other everday travel," thus increasing rider deaths.

The report recommended that states address a number of issues in order to reduce motorcycle deaths, especially encouraging an increase in helmet use. "The most effective strategy by far," asserted the report, "is to enact a universal helmet law in the [states] that lack them." Only 19 states now require riders to wear helmets, down from 26 in 1997.

The last state to enact a helmet requirement was Louisiana in 2004. In 2012, Michigan dropped its requirement and made helmets voluntary.

Michigan's new law went into effect last April. Preliminary totals from the Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning projected 129 motorcyclist deaths in the state for 2012, an 18 percent increase over 2011.

The Michigan chapter of ABATE, a motorcyclist group opposed to mandatory helmet laws, said in a statement to NBC News that the fatalities "fall within the normal range of variation" and can't be attributed to the relaxed law. ABATE also referenced the warm weather and an increase in registration as possible factors. "Our primary concern about the accuracy of the data from (the state Office of Highway Safety Planning) is that two single points of data are being compared, when a multiyear comparison will give the clearest and most accurate depiction," said Vince Piacenti, statistician for ABATE Michigan.

Hedlund said that he had not analyzed the Michigan data, but said the variation was not small. "Numbers can vary, particularly in fairly small states," he said, "but Michigan's numbers went up substantially."

ABATE also noted that more than half of Michigan bikers who died in 2012 were "not endorsed to operate a motorcycle." GHSA's recommenddations for cutting motorcyclist deaths include reducing alcohol impairment, reducing speeding and ensuring that motorcyclists are licensed. According to GHSA, NHTSA data shows that in 2010, nearly a quarter of riders involved in fatal accidents did not have valid licenses.

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Generated Paper Features Over 40 Printable Paper and Notebook Types

If you need a specific type of paper for your notebook, organizer, or even your Hipster PDA, don't settle for drawing lines on paper yourself. Generated Paper has over 40 printable PDF templates for ruled paper, graph paper, business cards, music sheets, and more, all completely free.

All of the templates at Generated Paper are high quality PDFs without shading or colors, and they're all Creative Commons licensed, so you can use them, share them, and remix them so they suit your needs. Plus, it's faster and cheaper than heading to the office supply store to buy specifically ruled notebook paper, graph paper, or calendar sheets.

Generated Paper is full of templates, but If you can't find whatyou're looking for, you can always try previously mentioned Printable Paper or Konigi, another site for graph paper and wireframes. Hit the link below to see what they have available.

Generated Paper | via One Thing Well

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/r3l0ncxeGNE/generated-paper-features-over-40-printable-paper-and-no-477561870

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Tuesday, April 23, 2013

The Weirdest Thing on the Internet Tonight: Adventures of Christopher Bosh in the Multiverse!

Whaddya mean you didn't know Chris Bosch wasn't an inter-dimensional warrior of justice and Heat teammate Mike Miller an inter-dimensional werewolf? Do you not watch basketball or something? [Deadspin] More »
    


Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/-Eickj2V-FQ/the-weirdest-thing-on-the-internet-tonight-adventures-of-christopher-bosh-in-the-multiverse

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Boston bombing suspect unable to speak, but writing, source says ...

Posted on: 6:18 am, April 22, 2013, by Web Staff, updated on: 12:56pm, April 22, 2013

BOSTON, Mass. (CNN) ? Unable to speak, the surviving suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings has been communicating with authorities in writing, a senior federal official briefed on the investigation told CNN Monday.

Investigators have been questioning Dzhokhar Tsarnaev since Sunday, according to a second source ? a senior law enforcement official.

Neither source would say what, if anything, Tsarnaev has been telling investigators about his alleged role in the bombing that killed three and wounded more than 170 a week ago Monday.

While Tsarnaev, 19, has not yet been charged with a crime, investigators believe he and his brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, were behind the attacks.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, died early Friday at a hospital after a shootout with police.

While authorities say Bostonians can rest easier now that the younger Tsarnaev is in custody, nagging questions hinder any total sense of security: Why would the assailants want to kill or maim throngs of innocent civilians, and could this happen again?

Massachusetts Gov. Deval Patrick and Boston Mayor Thomas Menino have asked Bostonians and residents in the rest of the state to observe a moment of silence at 2:50 p.m. Monday, exactly a week after twin explosions near the marathon?s finish line. Bells will toll one minute later to honor the victims of the tragedy that traumatized the city.

Police chief: The carnage could have been worse

In the tumultuous days after the bombings, the Tsarnaev brothers allegedly killed a university police officer, led authorities on a harrowing chase and hurled explosives at police, authorities said. Another officer, seriously wounded in a firefight with the suspects, was recovering Monday, Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis said.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev died after a gun battle with officers in the Boston suburb of Watertown in which more than 200 rounds were exchanged. Authorities have yet to announce the official cause of death.

According to Watertown Police Chief Edward Deveau, the elder Tsarnaev stepped out of the car he and his brother had allegedly stolen earlier that night and began walking toward officers, firing as he went.

When he ran out of ammunition, officers tackled him and tried to handcuff him, Deveau said Saturday.

But Dzhokhar Tsarnaev came barreling at them in the stolen vehicle, the chief said. The officers scrambled out of the way, and the vehicle then ran over the older brother and dragged him for a short distance.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev also had explosives on his body, officials have said.

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was found bleeding later that night, hiding in a boat in a backyard in Watertown, Massachusetts.

Police say they believe the brothers were planning another attack before the shootout with police disrupted their plans, Davis said.

?The two suspects were armed with handguns at the scene of the shootout, and there were multiple explosive devices, including a large one that was similar to the pressure cooker device that was found on Boylston Street,? Davis said on CNN?s ?Starting Point? Monday.

?I believe that the only reason that someone would have those in their possession was to further attack people and cause more death and destruction,? he said.

Authorities believe the brothers bought bomb components locally but think that their guns came from elsewhere, another federal law enforcement official said. The official, who was not authorized to publicly discuss the case, said authorities are trying to trace the guns.

Investigators are also trying to determine whether anyone else was involved in the bombings.

But Davis, speaking Sunday to CNN?s Don Lemon, said that he was confident that the brothers were ?the two major actors in the violence that occurred.?

?I told the people of Boston that they can rest easily, that the two people who were committing these vicious attacks are either dead or arrested, and I still believe that,? the police chief said.

Clues about radicalization?

While investigators piece together the brothers? actions leading up to the marathon bombings, details have emerged suggesting the elder Tsarnaev was turning radical.

The Tsarnaev family hails from the Russian republic of Chechnya and fled the brutal wars there in the 1990s. The two brothers were born in Kyrgyzstan, authorities said.

An FBI official said agents interviewed Tamerlan Tsarnaev in 2011 at the request of the Russian government. The FBI said Russia claimed that he was a follower of radical Islam and that he had changed drastically since 2010.

But the Russian government?s request was vague, a U.S. official and a law enforcement source said Sunday. The lack of specifics limited how much the FBI was able to investigate Tamerlan, the law enforcement official said.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev apparently became increasingly radical in the past three or four years, according to an analysis of his social media accounts and the recollections of family members. But so far, there has been no evidence of active association with international jihadist groups.

In August 2012, soon after returning from a visit to Russia, the elder Tsarnaev brother created a YouTube channel with links to a number of videos. Two videos under a category labeled ?Terrorists? were deleted. It?s not clear when or by whom.

According to The Boston Globe, Tamerlan Tsarnaev disrupted a service a Cambridge mosque in January after a speaker likened the Muslim Prophet Mohammed to Martin Luther King Jr. The congregation ?shouted him out of the mosque,? the Globe quoted mosque spokesman Yusufi Vali as saying.

Moving forward

A week after the marathon bombings, 55 people remain hospitalized, including three in critical condition, according to a CNN tally.

At least a dozen survivors have endured amputations.

The transit system officer wounded in the firefight with the Tsarnaev brothers, Richard Donohue, was improving Monday, Davis said.

?He was in grave condition when he went to the hospital, so we?re very optimistic at this point in time, and our prayers are with him and his family,? he said.

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, meanwhile, remains in serious but stable condition, according to the U.S. Attorney?s Office District of Massachusetts. A federal law enforcement source with knowledge of the investigation told CNN the younger brother has a gunshot wound to his neck, and he had a tube down his throat to help him breathe.

It?s unclear whether Tsarnaev was wounded during his capture or in the earlier shootout with police that left his older brother dead, said the source, who spoke on condition of anonymity.

Tsarnaev had not been charged as of Monday morning.

Authorities have not publicly stated what charges will be filed against Tsarnaev, but a Justice Department official who has been briefed on the case told CNN he will face federal terrorism charges and possibly state murder charges.

While Massachusetts does not have a death penalty, prosecutors could seek the death penalty at the federal level.

Getting back to normal

It could take up to two more days before the area around the site of the explosions can reopen to the public, Davis said.

The FBI has not yet turned the scene back over to local authorities, the police chief said.

?We have to allow store owners to go in there first. It won?t be open to the general public for maybe another day so the store owners can get their business back on track,? Davis said. ?We want to get people back in their homes as soon as possible, and we?re working diligently on that right now.?

Also on Monday, the one-week anniversary of the Boston attacks, thousands of runners across the country will pound the pavement in a show of unity and support for the victims and their families.

At least 80 cities are participating in a ?Run for Boston in Your City? campaign called #BostonStrong, organizer Brian Kelley said.

The global campaign is ?a run for those that were unable to finish, a run for those that may never run again? and ?a run for us to try and make sense of the tragedy that has forever changed something we love.?

This article was written by CNN?s Holly Yan and Chelsea J. Carter. CNN?s Tim Lister, Paul Cruickshank, Deborah Feyerick, Jill Dougherty, Pamela Brown, Julian Cummings, Barbara Starr, Ann O?Neill, Susan Candiotti, Jake Tapper, Lindy Royce and Drew Griffin contributed to this report.? TM & ? 2012 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.

Source: http://myfox8.com/2013/04/22/boston-bombing-suspect-unable-to-speak/

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Physicists find right (and left) solution for on-chip optics: Nanoscale router converts and directs optical signals efficiently

Apr. 22, 2013 ? A Harvard-led team of researchers has created a new type of nanoscale device that converts an optical signal into waves that travel along a metal surface. Significantly, the device can recognize specific kinds of polarized light and accordingly send the signal in one direction or another.

The findings, published in the April 19 issue of Science, offer a new way to precisely manipulate light at the subwavelength scale without damaging a signal that could carry data. This opens the door to a new generation of on-chip optical interconnects that can efficiently funnel information from optical to electronic devices.

"If you want to send a data signal around on a tiny chip with lots of components, then you need to be able to precisely control where it's going," says co-lead author Balthasar M?ller, a graduate student at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS). "If you don't control it well, information will be lost. Directivity is such an important factor."

The coupler transforms incoming light into a wave called a surface plasmon polariton, a surface ripple in the sea of electrons that exists inside metals.

In the past, it has been possible to control the direction of these waves by changing the angle at which light strikes the surface of the coupler, but, as M?ller puts it, "This was a major pain. Optical circuits are very difficult to align, so readjusting the angles for the sake of routing the signal was impractical."

With the new coupler, the light simply needs to come in perpendicularly, and the device does the rest. Acting like a traffic controller, it reads the polarization of the incoming light wave -- which might be linear, left-hand circular, or right-hand circular -- and routes it accordingly. The device can even split apart a light beam and send parts of it in different directions, allowing for information transmission on multiple channels.

The coupler consists of a thin sheet of gold, peppered with tiny perforations. But the precise pattern of these slits, arranged rather like herringbones, is where the genius lies.

"The go-to solution until now has been a series of parallel grooves known as a grating, which does the trick but loses a large portion of the signal in the process," says principal investigator Federico Capasso, Robert L. Wallace Professor of Applied Physics and Vinton Hayes Senior Research Fellow in Electrical Engineering at Harvard SEAS. "Now perhaps the go-to solution will be our structure. It makes it possible to control the direction of signals in a very simple and elegant way."

Because the new structure is so small -- each repeating unit of the pattern is smaller than the wavelength of visible light -- the researchers believe it should be easy to incorporate the design into novel technologies, such as flat optics.

Yet Capasso speaks most animatedly about the possibilities for incorporating the new coupler into future high-speed information networks that may combine nanoscale electronics (which currently exist) with optical and plasmonic elements on a single microchip.

"This has generated great excitement in the field," Capasso says.

M?ller and Capasso were joined on this work by co-lead author Jiao Lin, a former SEAS postdoctoral fellow who is now at the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology; and coauthors Qian Wang and Guanghui Yuan, of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Nicholas Antoniou, Principal FIB Engineer at the Harvard Center for Nanoscale Systems; and Xiao-Cong Yuan, a professor at the Institute of Modern Optics at Nankai University in China.

The research was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) in Singapore, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and the National Research Foundation of Singapore. Part of the work was performed at the Harvard Center for Nanoscale Systems, which is a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. J. Lin, J. P. B. Mueller, Q. Wang, G. Yuan, N. Antoniou, X.-C. Yuan, F. Capasso. Polarization-Controlled Tunable Directional Coupling of Surface Plasmon Polaritons. Science, 2013; 340 (6130): 331 DOI: 10.1126/science.1233746

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/matter_energy/electronics/~3/_0lvH4V3B7c/130422143313.htm

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Spring Home And Garden Fair Comes To Cedar City ? Alive! Utah ...

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It?s time! Time to landscape, redo, remodel, and build. Spring is here and that means home building and home projects. Do you need some ideas and advice?

On April 26-27 over 45 exhibitors from the home and garden industry will be showcased at the Cedar City Spring Home & Garden Fair at the SUU Sharwan Smith Center. The event is known as the premier spring home event in Iron County and features the best products and services related to home improvement, remodeling, building, home technology, landscape, decorating, outdoor living and related home products and services.? Doors open at 3 p.m. on Friday. Friday hours are 3 p.m. to 8 p.m. and Saturday 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

With experts on hand from vendors like Jones Paint and Glass, Intermountain Farmers of America, Sears Appliance and Hardware Center, Dailey Builders, Recycled Consign and Design, SMJ Construction Rocky Ridge Landscape, construction companies and more, there is an opportunity to get advice and information from a variety of experts and businesses in the home industry.

The Cedar City Spring Home & Garden Fair- hosted by the Iron County Home Builders is promising more than just a stroll through vendor booths. There will be prizes and giveaways along with a line-up of entertainment that includes bands and dance groups.

The Iron County Home Builder?s Association (ICHBA) has a long history of providing volunteer service hours and donations for many worthy projects. This time, their efforts will focus on helping a local family through the Share?Organization.

On Saturday, April 27 from 8am?9am, a fundraising breakfast buffet will be held, in conjunction with ICHBA?s Spring Home and Garden Fair that weekend. In partnership with generous sponsors, Cedar City Institute of Women?s Health, Recycled Consign and Design and Funder Welding and Design, all proceeds will go to the National Share?Organization and the Low family.

Tickets for the fair are $3 at the door or FREE at the following Sponsors IFA, Sears Appliance and Hardware and Rocky Ridge. Free tickets do not include the benefit breakfast.

For more information on the Spring Home and Garden Fair, you can visit cedarcityspringshow.com

Source: http://aliveutah.com/spring-home-and-garden-fair-comes-to-cedar-city/

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